Subscribers may be interested in the point of view published by CISCO concerned with connectedness and liveability in cities and communities. Once it was the 'Internet of Things': now it is the 'Internet of Everything' in our Smart Cities. This is of course linked to the Big Data revolution and the ability of modern computing methods to analyse large and diverse digitalised information, and the use of sensors in objects of many sorts. I'd welcome your thoughts on this topic.

Rural areas in Africa are characterised by limited infrastructure.  This means that there are often no landlines, cellphone signals are not always present, water may be obtained from rivers, wells or standpipes and electricity may also not be present. Sanitation is likely to be basic, consisting of ventilated pit latrines. Equally roads are very unlikely to be tarred, at best there will be gravel paths, in many cases there are simply uneven tracks.

Inclusion has been a core objective of learning cities from the inception of this concept. Much of this interest has focussed on ways in which lifelong learning policies can combat exclusion and provide opportunities for all to  participate actively in society and enhance their well-being.

It is said that the concept of social inclusion was developed in France in the 1980s, though just a little knowledge of history will remind us that people of good will and compassion have worked through the centuries to offset the adverse effects of political, commercial and societal decision-makers.