This paper, jointly prepared by Cedefop and the ETF, aims to inform the next steps in VET policy- making at EU level, including the Osnabruck declaration expected to be discussed by ministers in the autumn of 2020. It puts forward key challenges and opportunities for VET which have emerged from the intelligence, research and evidence collected over the years by the two agencies, each within its own remit and geographic scope.

Validation of non-formal and informal learning is defined as ‘a process of confirmation by an authorised body that an individual has acquired learning outcomes measured against a relevant standard’.

This Cedefop paper examines how employment in occupations identified previously as being at high risk of automation has changed over time. It also uses information from a matched employer-employee data set from Ireland, an EU country with relatively high exposure to digitalisation, to examine the relationship between employment change and organisational practices.

Last year was a 'year of change' for Cedefop. Find out why in the 2019 annual report, and check out the agency's work and achievements.